Sunday, April 19, 2015

300 Days of the Narendra Modi government

Modi’s 300 days
Hate, persecution and Impunity

JOHN DAYAL

The Bharatiya Janata Party Government of Mr. Narendra Modi, it is becoming increasingly clear, intends to remain focused on expanding the national penetration of the  religious nationalism ideology of the Rashtriya Swayamsewak sangh, whose  cadres and polarising hate campaigns against Muslims and Christians brought it to power ten months ago. Its secondary objective is to try to keep alive  the flow of foreign investments and the Indian corporate sector, even if it means whittling away whatever safeguards there are  to protect the environment, land and forest rights and basic constitutional rights of  association such as trade unions.

Since May 2014, there has been a marked shift in public discourse. 

The  300 days have seen an assault on democratic structures, the education  and knowledge system, Human Rights organisations and Rights Defenders and coercive action using the Intelligence Bureau and the  systems if the Foreign Contributions Regulation Act and the Passport laws to crack down on NGOs working in  areas of empowerment of the marginalised sections of society, including Dalits, Tribals, Fishermen and women, and issues of environment, climate, forests, land and water rights.

Environmental norms have been diminished to an extent that now they will be almost non existent, threatening the environment and the climate. Land acquisition laws are being changed to benefit crony capital. 

The immediate focus is on the threat to secularism, which underpins India’s modern existence as a country.

Despite a tongue lashing by  President Pranab Mukherjee on Republic Day and repeated assertions of freedom of faith by Vice President Hamid Ansari – not counting the naming and shaming done by visiting United States President Barack Obama – the government has learnt little. Mr Modi, at a public function called by the Syro Malabar Catholic church,  spoke of security of minorities, but failed to name the Sangh parivar as the spruce of much violence. In fact, he put the aggressors and the victims on the same platform.

His Home minister, Mr Rajnath Singh, a former president of the BJP and like Mr Modi, a lifelong member of the RSS, has been transparent in announcing his sympathies. He has called for a national ban on conversions, a national ban on beef, total opposition  for scheduled caste rights for Dalit Christians and Muslims. And he too has hedged in  saying he will punish the spewing of hate and coercion.

This official patronage and  impetus given to the divisive and  corrosive politics of the Sangh Parivar in the 300 days of the government of Mr. Narendra Modi has further endangered  the security of religious minorities, assaulted national institutions and the education system. Mr. Modi came into office riding a promise of development, his election campaign fuelled  by unbridled hate against Muslims and Christians.  Development remains a mirage, but the hate has fuelled violence across the country.

A civil society report “300 Days –Documenting Sangh Hate and Communal Violence Under the Narendra Modi Regime” lists least 43 deaths, Muslim and Christian, in over 600 cases of violence, 168 targeting Christians and the rest Muslims. The number of dead is other than the 108 killed in Assam in attacks by armed tribal political groups on Muslims.  Desecration and destruction of churches, assault on pastors, illegal police detention of church workers, and denial of Constitutional rights of Freedom of Faith aggravate the  coercion and terror unleashed in campaigns of Ghar Wapsi and cries of Love Jihad.

An analysis of the Christian data alone shows Chhattisgarh topping the list with 28 incidents of crime, followed closely by  neighbouring Madhya Pradesh with 26, Uttar Pradesh with  18 and Telengana, a  newly carved out of Andhra Pradesh, with  15 incidents.   Of the deaths in communally targeted violence, two  were killed in Orissa and Telengana,  8 in Gujarat, 12 in Maharashtra, 6 in Karnataka and 25 in Uttar Pradesh. Apart from these, 108 people were killed in Assam in attacks by Bodo militant groups. The violence peaked between August and October with 56 cases, before zooming up to 25 cases during the Christmas season, including  the burning of the Catholic church of St Sebastian in Dilshad garden in the national capital of New Delhi.
Much of the violence,  54 percent, is of threats, intimidation, coercion, often with the police looking on. Physical violence constituted a quarter of all cases, 24 per cent], and violence against Christian women, a trend that is increasingly being seen since the carnage in Kandhamal, Odisha, in 2007 and 2008,  was 11 per cent. Breaking of statues and the Cross and other acts of desecration  were recorded in about 8 per cent of the cases, but many more were also consequent to other forms of violence against institutions.
A disturbing trend is the  rising communal violence in West Bengal where the  BJP and the RSS have redoubled their efforts to fill what they see is a political vacancy following the decline of the Communist Party of India Marxist and the Congress party in recent times. The violence has peaked in the gang rape of a 72 year old Nun in a  convent and school in West Bengal. The official apparatus is now busy trying to prove to the world that it is just another crime, committed by foreigners or professional criminals.
There has been a relentless foregrounding of communal identities, a ceaseless attempt to create a divide between ‘us’ and ‘them’. The BJP leaders guaranteed to abuse, ridicule and threaten minorities. Hate statements by Union and state ministers, threats by Members of Parliament, state politicians, and cadres in saffron caps or Khaki shorts resonate through the landscape. But most cases go unreported, unrecorded by police.

The Prime Minister refuses to reprimand his Cabinet colleagues, restrain the members of his party members or silence the Sangh Parivar which claims to have propelled him to power in New Delhi. Mr. Modi calls for a ten-year moratorium on communal and caste violence. His government soon declares Christmas to be a “Good Governance Day” in honour of  the BJP leader and former Prime Minister, Mr. Atal Behari Vajpayee. There are fears at a severe whittling down of the 15 Point Programme for Minorities, a lifeline for many severely economic backward communities, and specially their youth seeking higher education and professional training.

Mr. Modi’s “assurance” to religious minorities is challenged and countered by Mr. Mohan Bhagwat, the head of the powerful Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh, who asserts, repeatedly, that every Indian is a Hindu, and minorities will have to learn their place in the country. Speaking at the 50th Anniversary of foundation of its religious wing, Vishwa Hindu Parishad, Mr. Mohan Bhagwat, the RSS Sarsanghchalak bluntly stated that “Hindutva is the identity of India and it has the capacity to swallow other identities. We just need to restore those capacities.”  In  Cuttack, he asserted that India is a Hindu state and "citizens of Hindustan should be known as Hindus".  Sadhvi Prachi, a central minister, Members of Parliament Sakshi Maharaj and Adityanath are among those urging measures to check Muslims, including encouraging Hindu women to have from four to ten children each. In Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan and other states, the terror, physical violence and social ostracising of Dalit and Tribal Christians, in particular, continues.

But India was not meant to be, and  cannot be, a homogenised nation-state, the sort of “one nation, one people, one culture” that the Sangh parivar speaks about.  A common allegiance to the Constitution and its guarantees of religious and cultural freedom is the basic ingredient for lasting peace, and therefore an environment in which all communities can prosper.

The government and  state structures must communicate with religious, ethnic and cultural minorities, address their fears of threats to their identity and security and economic progress.

And the Hindu majority community should not have any fear of a demographic threat from Muslims and Christians. That is the sort of paranoia that religious nationalism and its proponents seek to propagate for their ulterior ends. As the United Christian Forum for Human Rights, which has set up a helpline for Christians in distress or facing violence, says:  “We love India. It is our motherland. All we seek are rights of a citizen of India, including  those of security, expression, association and Faith.” Hopefully, Mr. Modi is listening. Even if Mr Rajnath Singh, Mr. Mohan Bhagwat and sundry Sadhvis and Sants, in government,  the BJP, or elsewhere, are not.

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